There were some Indians who wished that the political system of the new nation be based on Hindu ideals, and that India itself be run as a Hindu state. His period witnessed two important events. Research and development work in the field of atomic energy and allied fields are carried out at three research centres, namely the Bhabha Atomic Research Center at Trombay, the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu and the Center for Advanced Technology, Chennai. There is no doubt that India has made tremendous progress after Independence. Battles fought by India after independence – Wars and Battles fought by India – We all know our history which tells us that following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India Company came to an end after which the British crown began to rule over India directly as per the Government of India Act 1858 through the British Raj. Nehru outlined the five principles of coexistence or. India had an independent economy before the advent of British rule. India after Independence Text Book Questions and Answers. His untimely death was a great loss to the nation. Integration of Princely States. Popular economic slogan during this time was Garibi Hatao (Removal of poverty). To reduce inequalities of income and wealth. Nehruvian as some call it lasted till his death. Terrorism however remains a threat to … Above all, as many observers have noted, the gulf between the rich and the poor has grown over the years. They had no facilities and comforts of life. His government also fell due to the no confidence motion voted jointly by the Congress and the BJP. Ambedkar was appointed as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee. Therefore, in 1953 Andhra was created as a separate state. A third feature of the Constitution was that it offered special privileges for the poorest and most disadvantaged Indians. Finally, the fact that people speak different languages or practise different faiths has not come in the way of national unity. Gujral for a brief period in 1997. Krishnamachari conveyed  “a warning on behalf of people of the South”, some of whom threatened to separate from India if Hindi was imposed on them. The National Planning Commission was established on 15 March 1950 with the Prime Minister Nehru as its chairperson. It has increased its electricity generation capacity from 1,362 MW in … Dar was appointed by the Constituent Assembly to enquire into the possibility of linguistic provinces. The Telengana region was transferred to Andhra. On 15 December 1952, fifty-eight days into his fast, Potti Sriramulu died. India after Independence Essay No. Indira Gandhi, daughter of Nehru became Prime Minister in 1966 and bravely faced the domestic challenges such as scarcity of food and foreign pressures during the 1971 Bangladesh crisis. A true companion for knowledge seekers and job hunters.. Related Posts with thumbnails for bloggerblogger widgets. Despite creditable growth of agricultural output in the 1950s India faced food shortage in the mid sixties. Info. At that time a new international body – the United Nations – formed in 1945 was in its infancy. As a result, unfortunately, she was shot dead by her own bodyguards in 1984 as a vengeance to her policy towards Punjab militancy. The Indian National Committee for Space Research was set up in 1962. It was followed by seventeen such national laboratories for specializing in different areas of research. When the Pathan tribes led by Pakistan army officers invaded Kashmir, Hari Singh sought the help of India. He encouraged planning for, rapid industrial and agricultural growth. The aim of SAARC is to increase economic, social and cultural cooperation among its members. Planning for Development - India After Independence | Class 8 History - YouTube. India had to fight three major wars [1965, 1971 and 2000] with Pakistan over the issue of Kashmir. After repeated appeals, in 1948 Indian troops moved into Hyderabad and the Nizam surrendered. 1960s: Coal industry gathers steam. Then there was the problem of the princely states, almost 500 of them, each ruled by a maharaja or a nawab, each of whom had to be persuaded to join the new nation. Today more than one billion people live in India. At the time of Independence, most of the Indian people led a miserable life. V.P. In 1971 India and USSR signed the Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance during the Bangladesh crisis. Tap to unmute. 10India After Independence A New and Divided Nation When India became independent in August 1947, it faced a series of very great challenges. The two wars with China (1962) and Pakistan (1965) and two successive drought years (1965-66) brought enormous pressures to food production. She is the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal,a bronze medal for weightl... Blogger Template created by Deluxe Templates, modified by Melwin Ambatt | Free Wordpress Themes by NeoEase|. Hindu temples, previously open to only the higher castes, were thrown open to all. India After Independence [Lec 01], Lecture of 2 October 2014, Fall 2014 course at UCLA. The first generation Indian National Satellite System (INSAT-1) represents India's first step towards implementing national requirements. With great skill and masterful diplomacy Sardar Vallabhai Patel succeeded in integrating the princely states with the Indian union by 15 August 1947. And another South Asian country, Pakistan, was divided into two when the Bengali speakers of the east felt that their language was being suppressed. If the divisions between different sections of India were not  healed, they could  result in violent  and costly conflicts – high castes fighting with low castes, Hindus with Muslims and soon. The finance minister Dr. Manmohan Singh's role in this sphere is worth noting. There were only a few industries like tea, steel and textiles. A little later, in 1960, the bilingual state of Bombay was divided into separate states for  Marathi and Gujarati speakers. Atal Bihari Vajpayee became the Prime Minister of India in 1998. The Constitution recognises equality before the law, but in real life some Indians are more equal than others. But there were popular movements for states reorganization all over the country and it was intensive in Andhra. India has also evinced interest in space research. Judged by the standards it set itself at Independence, the Republic of India has not been a great success. On the other hand, deep divisions persist. The Indian judiciary system consists of the Supreme Court at the centre and High Courts in the states. Copyright © 2018-2021 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. One feature of the  Constitution was its adoption of universal adult  franchise. To setup a society based on equality and justice and absence of exploitation. This was a revolutionary step – for never before had Indians been allowed to choose their own leaders. The original draft outline of the plan was prepared in 1966 under the stewardship of Ashok Mehta. India had also played an active role in the UN peacekeeping forces in various parts of the world. But it is 16 per cent of the world’s population. Khandekar's statement is worth reading : We were suppressed for thousands of years. But he also realized the importance of the democratic values. In this background the Green Revolution was launched in India with the aim of achieving self-sufficiency in food production. T h e Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre at Trivandrum, the largest of the ISRO centres, is primarily responsible for indigenous launch vehicle technology. The increase in population and the huge outlay to the plan of industrialization put pressures on agricultural growth. It provides a combination of federal and unitary forms of governance at the centre and the powers of the government have been clearly stated in the three lists: Central, State and Concurrent. Sharing the Joy of Sushi | Grammarly. However, those who did not speak Hindi were of a different opinion. Therefore, on 26thOctober 1947, Raja Hari Singh signed the 'instrument of accession' and Jammu and Kashmir has become an integral part of India. However, as many as thirteen general elections have been held since Independence, as well as hundreds of state and local elections. There was a broad agreement on what was called a “mixed economy” model. Simultaneously, Madras was created as a Tamil- speaking state. However, the Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, was of the opinion that India could not and must not become a “Hindu Pakistan”. They are: mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty, non-interference in each other's internal affairs. On 15 August 2011, India celebrated sixty fourth years of its existence as a free nation. But even after the independence, there were a lot of problems and challenges faced by the country. This was the scene of India after Independence until 1964. India has also been maintaining friendly relations with its neighbours for which purpose the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established. 'growth with stability' and 'progressive achievement of self reliance'. India’s population in 1947 was large, almost 345 million. The Indian independence movement was a series of historic events with the ultimate aim of ending the British rule in India. The problems of refugees and of the princely states had to be addressed immediately. He developed the basic principles of India's foreign policy. Patel sent Indian troops and after a plebiscite Junagadh joined Indian Union. The ruler of Junagadh expressed his willingness to join Pakistan against the wishes of the people of that state. After so many years of struggle and hardship, India finally attained freedom from the British Raj on 15th August 1947. we have a Muslim minority who are so large in numbers that they cannot, even if they want, go anywhere else. He introduced New Education Policy and encouraged foreign investment. In 1950, the government set up a Planning Commission to help design and execute suitable policies for economic development. A New and Divided Nation: After Independence, India faced a series of enormous challenges. The expenditure on scientific research and science-based activities has increased year by year. He was from the state of Karnataka. The protests were so widespread and intense that the central government was forced to give in to  the demand. Clearly, the new nation had to lift its masses out of poverty by increasing the productivity of agriculture and by promoting new, job-creating industries. Changes in India Since Independence. The Kannada speakers, Malayalam speakers, the Marathi speakers, had all looked forward to having their own state. He died in 1964. This commission advised against such a step. It provided for 16 states and six union territories. Post independence many anti-discrimination laws came into force. A new state of Pakistan was created with portions of Western and Eastern India, taken away from the Indian map. He was truly a nation builder. The ISRO [Indian Space Research Organization] looks after the activities in space science, technology and applications. When opposition to her rule gathered momentum in 1975, she brought emergency rule, a black mark in the democratic tradition of India. Actively in world affairs Parliament has two houses - the Rajya Sabha or lower house about! 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