The underlined reference words in the two paragraphs below are either "anaphoric" (referring upward to previously mentioned words), "cataphoric" (referring downward to subsequent words), or "exophoric" (referring to something outside the text). Context There are different kinds of context 1. Pronominal anaphora; antecedent an NP. azu. The beast bit me. In English grammar, cataphora is the use of a pronoun or other linguistic unit to refer ahead to another word in a sentence (i.e., the referent).Adjective: cataphoric.Also known as anticipatory anaphora, forward anaphora, cataphoric reference, or forward reference. Example: He did that there. About the author. • The surrounding co-text has a strong effect on what we think the word probably means. b. Mary went to California because Susan did ___. Example ‘I went out with Jo on Sunday. Anaphoric Reference A pronoun (or definite nominal) can refer back to something earlier in the discourse (27) a. I tripped over a dog. Anaphoric Reference This Grammar.com article is about Anaphoric Reference — enjoy your reading! Figure 1 , (Cited in Halliday and Hasan, 1976:33) Substitution, in contrary to the reference, is a relation in syntax rather than meaning. 9 comments. Anaphoric reference means that a word in a text refers back to other ideas in the text for its meaning. (b) Cataphoric Relation It means referring forward. If an expression refers to a preceding expression/utterance, it is a case of anaphoric reference. • the anaphora, in the linguistics sense, makes use of deictic expressions, for example, “sam went home because he was tired.” "he" is the anaphora expression referring to "sam", but it's also a deictic expression, because it can changes according to the context or subject. 1:01 min read 2,394 Views Angbeen Chaudhary — Grammar Tips. In the previous example: Amy went to the party. Reference is commonly construed as an act in which a speaker, or writer, uses linguistic forms to enable a listener, or reader, to identify something. It can be compared with cataphoric reference, which means a word refers to ideas later in the text. • Most of Ancient Egypt's historical sites are located along the banks b. I tripped over a dog. It bit me. (28) a. I left early. Anaphoric Reference: An anaphoric reference unit, on the other hand, refers to another unit that was introduced earlier on in the text/speech. deixis, on the other hand, is not necessarily related to anaphora. According to Paltridge (2012), “Anaphoric reference is where a word or phrase refers back to another word or phrase used earlier in the text” (p. 115). Scheme 5: focussing or continuity in deictic and anaphoric reference gestural deixis symbolic deixis, anaphora FOCUSSING CONTINUITY (only demonstratives) (demonstratives and definite article) 3.6 Referent in the text or in the situation This is the most widely and frequently used criterion to keep distinct the two concepts we are dealing with. The tail tangled me. The anaphoric expression is a null … Cohesive Devices (a)Anaphoric Relation Interpretation of text from some previously expressed idea entity. The dog bit me. To understand the unit refered to by an anaphoric reference you would need to look back in the text/speech. VP anaphora. • Bank (a homonym) • I need to withdraw some cash from the bank. φ bit me. Cataphoric reference refers to the following utterances or their parts (see Figure 1 below). Matthews (1997:312) states that "reference is the relation between a part of an utterance On the other hand, endophoric reference lies within the text itself. Comment. View all posts. In other words, reference is concerned with designating entities in the world by linguistic means. bridging e. I tripped over a dog. Every word has some anaphoric reference with which interpretation could not be made. Linguistic context (co-text) • The co-text of a word is the set of other words used in the same phrase or sentence. d. I tripped over a dog. She looked awful.' It is classified into two classes: anaphoric and cataphoric. and from which the anaphoric expression gets its reference (or other semantic value). Font size: The word anaphora is an English word that means the repetition of something. ´She` clearly refers to Jo, there is no need to repeat her name. Cancel reply. In the classroom c. I tripped over a dog. Identify whether the reference words are anaphoric, cataphoric, or exophoric by selecting your choice in the pull-down menu next to each item. Examples: (1) a. John left because he was tired.